THE RHINO'S NEWS
All the news from the Rhino's newsletter that appears every week on our Instagram account @rinoeduca
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33
BRAZIL AND ITS NEW PARALLEL REALITY
“Post-truth” can be understood as a break in the constitutive parameters between what is real and what is not, whether something imaginary or false. In this sense, everything can be relative, since it is enough to invent a parallel reality that justifies the "false". This can also be seen in the phenomenon whereby public opinion reacts more to emotional appeals than to true facts.” For example, in the 2016 US elections, “Trump disseminated countless unsubstantiated information and statistics to strengthen his campaign and target his opponents. Appealing directly to the population's feelings of revolt and insecurity, it made them feel represented by the speech without worrying about the origin of the data.”
This cognitive dissonance of reality creates an environment conducive to the dissemination of any type of belief and facts that are not supported by a critical methodology that can give validity to what is stated and that, therefore, has no foundations that can confirm a "significant approximation of truth", the criterion that underpins scientific research.
A democratic, republican society that chooses human rights as a fundamental principle finds itself confronted by the struggle for political power that uses these tools to consolidate or maintain its privileges.
The importance of education for politics, that is, republican dialogue, is fundamental to the construction of a more egalitarian society.
32
BERTA G. RIBEIRO
Authority on material culture of the indigenous peoples of Brazil, author of several books on indigenous culture, anthropologist, ethnologist and Brazilian museologist. However, known by many only as “darcy ribeiro's wife”, that is when she is recognized... She was practically erased from history by machismo and memoricide.
A strong, fearless woman who faced the mysteries of the forests, the small planes in which she traveled and all other challenges to meet the Indians.
He visited several villages, wrote what he saw and drew the graphic figures produced by the Indians.
He graduated in 1953 in History and Geography from the National University of Brasília (UNB). His career was interrupted by exiles in Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile and Peru. But he didn't stand still, he worked intensely on organizing the ethnographic documentation of Darcy Ribeiro, with whom he carried out numerous tasks in the Brazilian backlands.
Returning from exile in 1974, he received a doctorate in Social Anthropology from USP and defended one of the most complete comparative studies of indigenous basketry from the upper Xingu and upper Rionegrin.
He had an efficient performance at the Indian Museum and the National Museum.
As an associate professor at UFRJ, she taught postgraduate classes and supervised students. It captivated students' enthusiasm for knowledge of the material culture of indigenous populations.
Daughter of Motel and Rosa Gleizer, she was born on October 2, 1924, in Bessarabia. He arrived in Rio in January 1933, at the age of nine. And, after losing her family, Berta was left under the responsibility of the Communist Party, to which her father and sister belonged.
To pay for her studies, she began working as a typist. Thanks to this job you can move into a pension, no longer dependent on the PCB.
A brilliant woman, who deserves much more recognition. Search!
31
WINDOW'S SOUL
In a world of appearances and social media, have you ever felt like you weren't really seen for who you really are?
Janela da Alma, a Brazilian documentary that chronicles the lives of 19 visually impaired people. “The use of glasses and their implications for personality, the meaning of seeing or not seeing in a world saturated with images and the importance of emotions.”
Society in general, even though it has the ability to see, has failed to see much. The documentary is an instigating reflection on our ability to perceive and understand the world.
We can quote Plato's myth of the cave:
An underground cave with chained prisoners who only see shadows and echoes.
The cave would symbolize the world where all human beings live. The shadows projected inside would represent the falsehood of the senses, while the chains would signify the prejudices and opinions that imprison human beings in ignorance and common sense.
We need to “free ourselves from the chains”.
What is vision? How do we see the world? What is the relationship between vision and our emotions? And what is beauty?
30
CACIQUE RAMON TUPINAMBÁ
Meet Cacique Ramon Tupinambá, indigenous leader, married to, and resides in Aldeia Tucum, Tupinambá indigenous territory of Olivença in Ilhéus, Bahia.
With the strength and calling of his ancestors, he worked in the training of indigenous teachers and states that it was a struggle to get the category of “indigenous teacher” recognized in the BA.
They created the indigenous school forum, forumeiba.
He was an educator of the Tupinambá language at the Tupinambá de Olivença indigenous state college, leader of the people, protectors of the Atlantic Forest where they carry out the work of protection, promotion of life and guaranteeing the territory.
Graduated in Arts and Language in the Intercultural Degree in Indigenous School Education at UNEB, to spread this knowledge and be an inspiration so that young indigenous people know that they can get there too.
Cacique Ramon is a defender of original rights, is at the head of the Village and plays a beautiful role in educating and preserving the knowledge and practices of the original Tupinambá people. Find out more about his story and work in the exclusive interview with RINO Educação,
29
ART VOLUNTEERS
How can art transform people and reduce inequalities?
This is the objective of Voluntários da Arte, through visual arts workshops, creative recycling, school support and self-care. It takes place in São Paulo, in the school courtyard, for children and young people in socially vulnerable situations.
The collective's mission is to create environments conducive to the use of the arts as a means of facilitating expression and development. With the aim of being an opportunity to give voice to freedom of expression, through activities carried out with a focus on stimulating creativity and imagination, promoting social inclusion and other lifestyles for children. This generates content that has given new meaning to standards, respecting and valuing the individuality and time of each child, valuing the freedom of their creative expressions.
Volunteers carry out outreach in the neighborhoods and collaboration can be done through the purchase of dream filters. Or donating directly to the collective!
Art transforms, heals, reframes, includes, stimulates creativity, helps us to elaborate our thoughts, build and update the meanings of feelings and the world, exercises our imagination and continually highlights the importance of our history and memory to live. in society... Education is also art!
28
WHERE IS THE DIVERSITY IN POLITICS?
Several politicians who declared themselves white to the TSE changed their declaration to brown, with dubious reasons. One of them is even accused of using artificial tanning.
In 2020, the TSE stipulated that black candidates must receive proportional resources in the distribution of funds from the Special Campaign Financing Fund (FEFC) and free electoral advertising time on radio and television.
Of the 15 governors elected so far, 14 are men. Those who declare themselves white represent 60% and mixed race 40%.
Among the deputies, 135 blacks and 369 whites were elected. Of the 27 seats in the Senate, 6 were filled with blacks.
Is there really a greater number of candidacy/election registrations of black people in the 2022 elections or has there been an increase in fraud in racial self-declaration?
For Najara Costa, author of the book "Who is Black in Brazil?", this stance creates a false presence of black people within national politics.
Brazil is a diverse country and representation in politics is essential for us to improve our democracy.
27
THE BLACK ENCYCLOPEDIA
The Black Encyclopedia, launched by (Companhia das Letras), rescues stories of women and men, black and mixed-race people forgotten in history. A consequence of racism.
As Pretextato dos Passos who opened the first school in 1885 for black children, who were not accepted in white schools; Professor Antonieta Barros, a pioneering deputy in 1935 in the very white Santa Catarina. Luiz Gama, who his own father sold into slavery, was resold and managed to escape to become a public servant and later a lawyer.
Some personalities also who, after years of being represented as white in history, were revealed to be black. Like Joaquim Machado de Assis, who in his best-known image was immortalized as a white man.
Until 2018, the expression "structural racism" had timid searches on Google, not reaching a third of the maximum interest rate. The scenario changed from June 2020, when it reached its historical peak, after racist cases such as the murder of Geord Floyd and Carrefour repercussed in the media, racism was on the agenda.
After the events, searches for "structural racism" on Google jumped more than 1,400% compared to previous years (from 2019 to 2022).
More than half of the Brazilian population is black or brown and we live in a racist and slave-owning Brazil. We all have a role in this fight to end discrimination.
The protagonists of the Encyclopedia are intellectuals, activists, religious leaders, musicians, athletes, politicians, scientists, wet nurses... The achievements, exploits and victories described make up an overwhelming diversity of trajectories and origins, something that is not often seen in this continental country. concentrated on the São Paulo-Rio de Janeiro axis.
26
CODED BIAS: RACISM IN TECHNOLOGY
One of the 3 protagonists of the documentary, Joy Buolamwini, a black woman and computer scientist at MIT in the United States, noticed that facial recognition systems often failed when analyzing black faces — including hers. When he took a test and put on a white mask, his face was recognized.
The researcher found that artificial intelligence programs are trained to identify patterns based on a set of data (of white men) and, therefore, do not appear to accurately recognize female or black faces.
From an analysis of how large companies in the sector developed their software, Joy proved that machines developed by IBM, Google, Amazon and Microsoft, among others, were able to recognize the faces of white men with much more accuracy.
Another example is the robot Tay, used by Microsoft in 2016 to interact on Twitter. It was created with the aim of learning, but ended up reproducing serious speeches, such as support for Nazism.
The documentary raises many questions about the use of these technological mechanisms, whether by private companies or “democratic” governments.
Even more and more immersed in a technological society, we notice the cracks and social discrimination being reproduced in our machines.
25
YOUTUBE WITHOUT PARTY
The study by NetLab, from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, indicated that the YouTube algorithm favors more in its recommendations, Bolsonaro content published by Jovem Pan
For the experiment, NetLab created 18 new profiles, which accessed the platform on different dates and times using an anonymous tab and VPN (a tool that simulates a random geographic location of the online user, masking their real geographic location). Thus, the user was “raw” - he had no history of interacting with content that could feed the algorithm and influence recommendations. Even without views or likes on right-wing channels, the platform recommended Jovem Pan videos 55% (10 of 18) of the time and pro-Bolsonaro in the majority.
In addition, other recommended Joven Pan videos suggested in the test present Lula as a “gang leader” and “mentally ill”.
The platform also raises fears due to the lack of transparency in moderation and offers financial incentives to producers of extremist content - misinformation gives an audience.
Over the months, TSE and YouTube came together due to the multiplication of videos with false allegations about the electoral process and coup content.
Especially during this electoral period, it is essential that we pay attention to the veracity of the recommended content and certify the source of the information. Search safely.
24
CHIQUINHA GONZAGA
Born in Rio de Janeiro, Chiquinha Gonzaga was a pioneer in the musical scene of 1900. Author of the 1st Marcha Carnavalesca with lyrics and the 1st woman to conduct an orchestra in Brazil.
Woman and mixed race, she faced all the prejudices of patriarchal and slave society to establish herself as a pianist, composer, conductor and founder of the copyright protection society.
In 1914, Palácio do Catete was the residence of the president of the republic. At one of the presidential receptions, the song Corta-jaca, by Chiquinha Gonzaga and Machado Careca, was played, being the first time that Brazilian popular music was heard in a noble hall.
Not everyone appreciated it. The newspapers commented. In the Senate, Rui Barbosa spoke, guaranteeing that the maxixe was the foulest, lowest and rudest dance of all wild dances; twin sister of cateretê, batuque and samba.
Even so, due to her creative and revolutionary personality, she participated in the movement for the abolition of slavery, fought for freedom of thought and in favor of humanitarian and cultural causes. We study characters like her here in the RINO EDUCAÇÃO Study Groups, as in the Groups: History of Music in Brazil; Latin American Thinkers; Capitalism, Law and the Contemporary World... Come learn more!
23
WHO IS BEHIND THE REMOVAL OF FAVELAS?
In 1957 the IPM - financed by construction and real estate entrepreneurs - presented an intensive plan for favela removals, coordinated by a French Argentine sociologist, a Nazi sympathizer.
They divided them into categories: useful favelas and parasitic favelas - what would differentiate would be the level of crime, quality of construction and availability of residents for work.
Favelas considered parasites should be removed.
These businesspeople between 57 and 62 are seeking space in the government so that this study becomes a state policy.
If we look at the chronology of the intensive removal policy - it starts in 62 with an initiative by the state government - led by Carlos Lacerda. With countless people directly linked to real estate capital.
After the beginning of the military dictatorship, between 65 and 68 - the removal was interrupted by the new governor Francisco Negrão de Lima.
Then, in 1968, the state government suffered an intervention from the federal military government – the CHISAN (Social Housing Coordination of the Metropolitan Area of RJ) was created, which became the body for dictating RJ's housing policy and thus the removals were carried out. resumed.
Explains Marco Marques Pestana, during our debate event that took place at RINO Educação and denialism observatory. Marco brought the main points of his study on the favela removal movement that generated his book “Remoções de Favelas no Rio de Janeiro, Entrepreneurs, State and Movement of Favelas 1957 – 1973”, winner of the 2017 memoirs revealed award.
22
FAVELA REMOVALS
Around 120 families from Ocupação Vila Maria, located in Belo Horizonte, are suffering from attempted eviction.
According to the report, residents denounce that one of the reasons for the attempts to evict them is real estate speculation.
Residents were notified about the eviction by a court official, but it was suspended after the State Public Defender's Office (DPE) of Minas Gerais appealed to the STF.
The occupation leader claims that they are still at risk and says that they carried out a “test”
“We called the sales team and said that we wanted to buy the project in the region, but that we knew it was close to a favela, which devalued the product. Then, they replied 'you can rest assured. We at Direcional, together with the city hall, are taking all kinds of measures and they will get out of there’”, he denounces.
“The vast majority of residents are unemployed workers, who lost their income during the pandemic and found refuge there. They do not receive any aid or benefits”, explains one of the occupation leaders
Favelas since the dictatorship have been disqualified and have been targets of persecution. We need to debate this.
21
CUFA AND FAVELAS
Could education be different in Brazil?
In the USA, after the abolition of slavery in the country, there was a significant drop in illiteracy among black people. 65 years after abolition, the percentage of black illiterates was 16% (1930)
In Brazil, it took 116 years for the country to drop to 16% (2014).
This index is currently aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic and the country's economic, social and political situation, which tends to increase, not decrease, the indexes.
The slaveholding past, inequality, lack of planning and public investment, lack of commitment from elites are *some* of these factors.
20
EDUCATION IN BRAZIL
Could education be different in Brazil?
In the USA, after the abolition of slavery in the country, there was a significant drop in illiteracy among black people. 65 years after abolition, the percentage of black illiterates was 16% (1930)
In Brazil, it took 116 years for the country to drop to 16% (2014).
This index is currently aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic and the country's economic, social and political situation, which tends to increase, not decrease, the indexes.
The slaveholding past, inequality, lack of planning and public investment, lack of commitment from elites are *some* of these factors.
19
EDUCATION
Education, in all its meanings, is essential for human development, social inclusion and citizenship.
Even before being born, a person already depends on it. Data from UNESCO indicate that a child with a mother who can read will have a 50% greater chance of surviving after the age of 5, as education allows them to learn about healthy habits, disease prevention and respect for the vaccination schedule.
An OECD report indicates that “in Brazil, in 2015, people aged 25 to 64 with a higher education diploma and income from full-time employment earned 144% more than full-time workers, with only secondary education completed”
Education is a constitutional right and is, or should be, one of the priorities in the government's public policies.
18
USP FAVELADO
Can education be a mechanism that enables social advancement...?
The topic is complex but we have to reflect on the importance of education in Brazil as a tool to reduce social inequality.
Until 1997, only 1.8% of the black population attended higher education. In 2020, after the implementation of the quota system, the number jumped to 47.4%.
The more black people access universities and complete their studies, the more opportunities they will have in the job market. Obviously, the law alone cannot achieve historical racial reparation in Brazil, but it is already an important path.
Education allows us to increase our reflective capacity to respond to the challenges of the world. A good education at home, at school and in other spaces allows citizens to have a critical sense of their rights and duties and their role in society.
As Paulo Freire said, knowing that we are conditioned by the world but not determined by it is fundamental to building a new future.
17
GUIDING AND ACADEMIC ADVISOR
Regardless of who you are, good guidance is essential.
Building academic research requires many factors. Problematizing a research topic is essential and there are techniques to do this more effectively. A good bibliographic survey can provide quality, changing the entire research, and its foundation may seem complicated, but in fact it makes all the difference and can help you a lot! We understand that the process of creating an article requires many factors. It's complex, requires persistence but, in addition, it can be very pleasurable and creative too!
Count on our guidance and support on this journey!
16
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE AND DESCRIMINATION
Social linguistic variation occurs because different social groups have different knowledge, modes of action and communication systems.
There is social exclusion, where the targets are usually poor and marginalized social groups. Linguistic discrimination directed at these groups triggers obstacles to their participation and inclusion in the social environment
In the 15th century, Portuguese was imposed by Portuguese colonizing movements and the spread of Catholicism, disfavoring native Brazilian languages and dialects. We have a historical exclusion that is unfolding today due to great social inequality.
The study of grammar and the production of academic content can provide the development of other knowledge. It is through conscious knowledge that we can have greater security in the way we write and speak. We are thus able to model our speech as we wish, with the appropriate concept and context and achieving our objectives. It is also through language that we can understand what we read and hear in more depth, interpreting the various texts in all their layers.
Education becomes a mediator as it enables inclusion and access to the training context, questioning and renewal of language.
15
PAULO FREIRE AND POLITICS
Jair Bolsonaro stated that, to improve Brazilian education, it would be necessary to “purge Paulo Freire’s ideology” from schools.
Freire believed in critical education as a tool for social transformation and as a way to recognize and claim rights. It places the role of education as a political act, which frees individuals through “critical, transformative and differential consciousness, which emerges from education as a practice of freedom”. An education that encourages student criticality, going beyond Portuguese and mathematics.
Through a model based on dialogue, critical and reflective education becomes important for the training of teachers and students who are aware of their actions in society and the world.
From this perspective, they see themselves as transformative agents and begin to consider themselves active in the process of sociocultural transformation and understand the importance of thinking and acting to change their realities.
At RINO, we understand that knowledge is neither exclusive nor the property of Universities, but rather of Humanity. In this sense, it is essential that we think about a new educational process, of building knowledge that has one foot in the University but the other on the street, in the world. People's life experiences are full of wisdom and should be recognized, empowered and shared. Only with critical reflection and a broad and deep integration of the different ways of existing and meaning in the world will we be able to (de)construct. This is RINO's mission, come learn with us!
14
CIRCULAR AND HORIZONTAL EDUCATION
Normally, at school/university, the Educational process is Vertical. The teacher teaches the student and generally, each teacher has a specific teaching style.
At RINO, through circular and horizontal Education, all members contribute and actively participate! With experiences, new knowledge, suggestions...
And we call our Driver Study Group Teachers. The Group will jointly establish the directions to be followed and the contents that will be covered. We value the exchange of ideas and equal immersion for all participants. We value the plurality of knowledge and pleasurable, critical and creative knowledge.
We like to talk about everything: Football, politics and society; big data and disinformation; law, music, women, capitalism and the contemporary world. Study Groups are a dialogical space for debates and exchanges of learning, in which different people expose and discuss ideas based on previously selected reflections or texts, books, videos, podcasts.
This also happens in our courses and events. Always live, inclusive, circular and horizontal. Come meet us!
13
WOMEN AND MEMORICIDE
When we look at the past, most of the books we read are written by men. This says a lot about the construction of our education, where teachers had (and have) a fundamental role in selecting books.
Education is our foundation.
We do not debate the place of man in literature, as he has always occupied this space.
And then, what would be the place of women in literature?
Many women have started to gain visibility now, through a historical rescue, as they were and still are silenced. By husbands, publishers, social norms.
And, when they succeed, we see the predominance of white women with favorable financial conditions. Black and indigenous women suffer even more from these barriers.
Women suffer from Memoricide - Ilka Brunhilde Laurito won the jabuti prize in 1987 but we don't even know her.
Today, we have many women producing literature and the internet was and is fundamental, as it allowed autonomous publishing, as well as mutual support groups, specialized magazines, along with a 4th feminist wave - we never had all of this together before.
12
MACHISM IN LITERATURE
Have you ever thought about having to hide your identity so that your work would be recognized?
In 1887, the book Women: A protest for a mother already denounced “...the absurd salary difference between men and women and the excessive valorization of functions reserved for men",
"It's a very important book, but Maria Firmina dos Reis hid herself so well that no one discovered who the writer of this book was." explains researcher Constância Lima Duarte.
And why would Maria, among countless authors, hide her identity?...
We live in a country marked by racism, patriarchy and homophobia. Whether in the academic, corporate, literary world...
A 2021 survey shows that among the 15 most cited writers, only 4 are women and more than half of readers read on recommendation from school or teachers. Of the Nobel literature laureates, only 13.6% are women.
11
THE FIRST WOMAN TO TRY TO BECOME IMMORTAL
The Brazilian Academy of Letters (ABL) was founded in 1897. But the insertion of women in the literary scene was slow and arduous, it was only in 1977 that the ABL accepted the entry of writer Rachel de Queiroz.
Previously in 1930, Amélia Beviláqua made the first official candidacy proposal signed by a woman. In addition to declining the possibility of candidacy, the Academy offers as a justification for the veto, a biased interpretation of Article 30 of the 1927 Internal Regulations, according to which the word “Brazilians” would refer only to male individuals.
This act generated a change in the Internal Regulations, officially establishing the condition of being a Brazilian man to be able to belong to the Academy, which lasted until 1964.
In Brazil, women have been conquering, with a lot of struggle, their position in many sectors of society, including literature... Full of obstacles, machismo, misogyny and racism.
10
Flora Tristan
Flora Tristan was a French-Peruvian socialist writer and activist who argued that the progress of women's rights was directly related to the progress of the working class.
Flora denounced the terrible living conditions of the working class in France and denounced the submission of women.
After a trip to Peru between 1822 and 1834, she wrote the book “Pilgrimages of a Pariah” reporting her experience in the South American country and the condition of women in Latin America. The book narrates the social struggle undertaken by Tristan back to Europe, which starts from the freedom of women acquired through freedom of movement, the possibility of traveling and comparing their society with others, acquiring social and political awareness in the process.
Flora left important libertarian and socialist reflections in her work União Operária that served as a consultation even for Marx, who recognized its value in his work The Holy Family.
Flora Tristan is another great thinker who has been forgotten by history, and it is difficult to find reports and writings about her life and work.
09
A family dedicated to education
Antônio Ferreira Cesariano, was born in 1808. Son of Custódio - a freed black man, who sold his troop of mules so that his son could study.
Antônio was a carpenter, musician and tailor. Studying at night, he obtained his teaching degree.
He married Balbina Gomes da Graça - black and literate, and in 1960 he founded a women's school with his wife - Escola Perseverança: of high level, it was recognized by Emperor Dom Pedro II.
One of the only schools in the region dedicated to black literacy. It also received white students in the afternoon, who paid a monthly fee to the renowned Professor, thus being able to provide classes for slaves and black women in the evening.
His daughter was a teacher and his son, also a teacher, founded Colégio São Benedito. Later, his great-grandson, professor and jurist, helped Vargas with the Consolidation of Labor Laws in 1943.
09
Justice vs. Inequality
Have you noticed that everyone's sense of justice is different and this is closely related to their standard of living, financial condition and education? That the law does not apply equally to everyone and that it may not even be possible to achieve absolute justice, considering the immense complexity of a thousand bureaucratic flows in a severely fractured and unequal society like Brazil?
So what way would best account for this multiplicity of feelings in relation to what justice is?
Brazil spends almost four times more on the prison system compared to basic education, we have the 3rd largest prison population and an overcrowding rate of 166% with 1,500 deaths in prisons.
And would restorative justice be a means? Restorative, or also often fetishized, proposes actions to repair the victim or facilitate the reintegration of convicts, for example.
We are in a place to ask questions, to try to “replace” this anguish with finding a solution. We continue together!
08
What is justice?
Imagine the scenario: a child hits your child, would you tell him to fight back?”
This is Jailane's report:
“my daughter is a pacifist, the other day a girl hit her and I told her to hit her back and she told me “you can't hit children mommy” This is the sense of justice of Sofia, Jaliane's 4 year old daughter. And what is our sense of justice?
Jailane also reports: when I was a child my mother told me to hit and I did.”
After all, fighting back in kind is a sense of justice, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
But Sofia said that the other children were not polite.
So should Sofia fight back or should the girl who hit her be re-educated not to hit?
Jailane’s report was discussed on the podcast “Crime e Punigo”.
07
RINOceronte Cacareco - councilor of São Paulo
RHINO also rules?
In 1959, as a form of protest, the city of São Paulo elected the rhinoceros Cacareco, with more than 100 thousand votes, as state councilor. Tired of the neglect and incompetence of those in power, the tactic was to paint walls with the name of the rhinoceros and also publicize it on television debate programs. Some printers joined in and decided to print "saints", supporting Cacareco's name for councilor.
The idea came from the head of journalist Itaboraí Martins, from “Estadão” and even a supporting comic was created: "Tired of suffering so much / And of being slapped / Let's now respond / Voting for CACARECO".
The vote was so expressive that she had more votes than any other of the 450 candidates for the 45 seats in the chamber.
06
APOROPHOBIA
Aporophobia: hatred, fear and rejection of the poor. Seen in “anti-poor” architecture, in constructions with hostile techniques, which use stones, railings and iron spikes to distance and restrict the use of public spaces by homeless people. In campaigns against alms giving, such as on a poster from Pato de Minas City Hall, for example, which reads "Don't give alms, give citizenship” and even in the GCM's attempt to prevent the distribution of lunch boxes in Praça Princesa Isabel, in the Center from SP.
The word began to be spread recently in Brazil with the work of Father Júlio Lancellotti, who works with the Parish of São Miguel Arcanjo helping the homeless population and denouncing aporophobia throughout Brazil. Enacted a bill that prohibits hostile construction techniques and restricts the use of public space.
05
CAMBRIDGE ANALYTICS
Do you know what the Cambridge Analytica scandal was? It was the revelation of a scheme to use data to manipulate elections. The company's biggest difference was the immense amount of personal information it had acquired through social networks and other sources. With this data, they were able to anticipate voting intentions and thus direct political advertisements, with the aim of manipulating the results of the elections. In a report on British TV Channel 4, one of Cambridge Analytica's directors reported that the company exploited voters' emotions, in particular fear, to link the target audience's fears to opposing candidates, seeking to favor its clients. Lies and misinformation were the company's common strategies.
And where did the data come from? A part was acquired from companies called "data brokers", which collect personal information on internet sites and sell it, and another part from Facebook. Under the pretext of academic use, the company acquired data from 87 million users of the social network, which served as the basis for the company's psychological profile analysis.
Cambridge Analytica has been involved in campaigns in more than 100 elections, in almost 70 countries. In 2016, the company helped elect Donald Trump and approve the United Kingdom's withdrawal referendum from the European Union, Brexit. CA has established partnerships in Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and several African countries.
The scandal alerted authorities and users to the risks of a lack of protection of personal data. The company closed its doors and Facebook was fined 5 billion dollars by US authorities. Facebook was also fined in Europe and Brazil. But has this type of strategy using personal data for political manipulation stopped existing? Unfortunately not. Come with us to better understand what happened and how it affected the elections in Brazil.
04
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
During the dictatorship, freedom of expression was a possible reason for exile and death. Today, some countries still maintain this form of oppression. However, Freedom of Expression today is also used as a justification for spreading hatred, violence and aggression towards others.
Can any citizen freely express their ideas, no matter how absurd and outlandish they may be? What is the limit for an opinion not to threaten or offend third parties?
For example, the attitude of gymnast Ivan Kuliak, who stood on the podium next to a Ukrainian, with a letter Z fixed to his clothes. A symbol of the Russian side in the war against Ukraine, referring to the expression “za pobedu” (i.e. “to victory!”). He did not apologize for his attitude and claimed “if there was a second chance and he had the option of leaving with the letter Z on his chest or not, he would do the same” He told Russia Today. This individual attitude, among many others, in addition to censorship of the press and attacks on freedom of expression in authoritarian governments, raise the need to reflect and debate on the topic.
03
LATIN AMERICAN WOMEN
Latin America, feminine, has plural voices, colors and diverse matrices of thought such as that of the Bolivian Julieta Paredes and her community feminism built from her indigenous ancestry; with the reflection on slavery in the texts of Maria Firmina dos Reis, a black woman, considered the first Brazilian novelist; in the humanization of psychiatric treatment by Nise da Silveira who revolutionized psychiatry and made art a means of connection between patients and reality, in the aphorisms of Lélia Gonzalez, representing the strength of black feminism, intellectual, author, politician, teacher, philosopher and Brazilian anthropologist. Pioneer in studies on Black Culture in Brazil and co-founder of the Institute for Research on Black Cultures in Rio de Janeiro, the Unified Black Movement and Olodum. Female production was and still is marginalized, and often erased by history. It is these exemplary women, among many others, that we have discovered and we consider it imperative to cultivate their works and memory.
02
GAMERGATE AND POLITICS
Last week we explained how gamergate emerged. Check out the previous reels if you didn't watch it!
In addition to machismo, anti-feminism, misogyny in the gaming world, xenophobia, homophobia and racism are some of the values shared by the radicalized part of the gaming public. Donald Trump's campaign surfed the wave of Gamergate and saw the opportunity to offer this public that claimed to be apolitical and without representatives a candidate who shared these same values. In Brazil, there were several gestures from the extreme right campaign towards this same audience, from the promise of tax reductions related to video games, to the use of gamer vocabulary and aesthetics to attract the attention of young players. Now we are beginning to observe politicians from the progressive camp dialoguing with this public and seeking to occupy this place as well. Remembering that this issue generated a war of narratives, with a lot of misinformation being disseminated, check out reliable sources below to find out more about the topic:
https://www.holodeckdesign.com.br/regras-do-jogo-70-viracasacas-gamers-e-a-extrema-direito/
https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/180397
https://gamarevista.uol.com.br/cultura/ler-ouvir-ver/ Quando-videogame-e-politica-se-encontram/
01
GAMERGATE: WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT CAME UP
GamerGate was a virtual harassment campaign that began in 2014, against female game developers, based on sexism and anti-progressivism. The term arose after Zoe Quinn's ex-boyfriend, a game developer, falsely accused her of having achieved success with her new game only after sleeping with a member of the specialized critics. Her personal information was disclosed during the attacks and Zoe began to be persecuted and threatened with death. Other developers who came to Zoe's defense also became targets of “gamergaters”. When their names and addresses were disclosed, they were threatened with rape and death, even causing them to have to change their residence. No one was identified and held responsible for the threats and the accusations were denied by the radicalized group.
This issue generated a war of narratives, with a lot of misinformation being disseminated. Check below reliable sources and links for those who want more on the topic:
https://www.holodeckdesign.com.br/regras-do-jogo-70-viracasacas-gamers-e-a-extrema-direito/
https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/180397
https://gamarevista.uol.com.br/cultura/ler-ouvir-ver/ Quando-videogame-e-politica-se-encontram/